Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Reacts with oxidants. They are used, at concentration levels in the range of 500–2000 ppm, to … Density: 1.3 g/cm³ Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 0.29 Vapour pressure, Pa at 25°C: 0.1 Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.2 Omissions? Updates? By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Benzoic acid reacts with hydrogenating reagents to afford hexahydrobenzoic acid. Recently, benzoic acid has been prepared from toluene by employing TiO 2 nanotubes electrode.
The process uses abundant materials, and proceeds in high yield. Pure benzoic acid melts at 122° C (252° F) and is very slightly soluble in water. Among the derivatives of benzoic acid are sodium benzoate, a salt used as a food preservative; benzyl benzoate, an ester used as a miticide; and benzoyl peroxide, used in bleaching flour and in … Our latest podcast episode features popular TED speaker Mara Mintzer.
It is commercially manufactured by the chemical reaction of toluene (a hydrocarbon obtained from petroleum) with oxygen at temperatures around 200° C (about 400° F) in the presence of cobalt and manganese salts as catalysts. Therefore benzoates are active only at low pH, below pH 4.5 (Chipley, 1983). However, only the undissociated molecule has antimicrobial properties. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The process is catalyzed by cobalt or manganese naphthenates.
Benzoic acid is produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen. Pure benzoic acid melts at 122° C (252° F) and is very slightly soluble in water. Benzoic acid, C 6 H 5 COOH, and its derivatives are widely used as food preservatives. Benzoic acid, a white, crystalline organic compound belonging to the family of carboxylic acids, widely used as a food preservative and in the manufacture of various cosmetics, dyes, plastics, and insect repellents. First described in the 16th century, benzoic acid exists in many plants; it makes up about 20 percent of gum benzoin, a vegetable resin. The solution in water is a weak acid. Corrections?
As benzoic acid has very low solubility in water, sodium benzoate is the form commonly applied. The solubility of benzoic acid has been determined in ethanol, toluene, heptane, cyclohexane, pentane, and chloroform and in binary mixtures of ethanol + heptane and ethanol + toluene, in the temperature range of (278.15 to 323.15) K. The solubility is high in ethanol, reasonably high in chloroform, lower in toluene, and quite low in the remaining three pure solvents. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
https://www.britannica.com/science/benzoic-acid. The simplest aromatic acid is benzoic acid.…, …1834 it was prepared from benzoic acid (C. …is attributed to their high benzoic acid content. Formula: C 7 H 6 O 2 / C 6 H 5 COOH Molecular mass: 122.1 Boiling point: 249°C Melting point: 122°C See Notes. Among the derivatives of benzoic acid are sodium benzoate, a salt used as a food preservative; benzyl benzoate, an ester used as a miticide; and benzoyl peroxide, used in bleaching flour and in initiating chemical reactions for preparing certain plastics. It can be synthesized by the cobalt or manganese catalyzed atmospheric oxidation of toluene. Benzoic acid is an organic aromatic monocarboxylic acid. It was first prepared synthetically about 1860 from compounds derived from coal tar.
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