Because an unamplified upright bass is generally the quietest instrument in a jazz band, many players of the 1920s and 1930s used the slap style, slapping and pulling the strings to produce a rhythmic "slap" sound against the fingerboard. Well, because of one thing: rhythm & groove in the low end. Other notation traditions exist.

With the mute on, the tone of the bass is quieter, darker, and more somber. Advocates of the German bow claim that it allows the player to apply more arm weight on the strings. The double bass is sometimes confusingly called the violone, bass violin or bass viol. The soundpost and bass bar are components of the internal construction. Usually, bass performance students perform several recitals of solo double bass music, such as concertos, sonatas, and Baroque suites. Prior to the 19th-century, many double basses had only three strings; "Giovanni Bottesini (1821–1889) favored the three-stringed instrument popular in Italy at the time",[10] because "the three-stringed instrument [was viewed as] being more sonorous". To play the extension notes, the player reaches back over the area under the scroll to press the string to the fingerboard. Ensembles made up entirely of double basses, though relatively rare, also exist, and several composers have written or arranged for such ensembles. 7 Le midi, No. During Rossini's stay in London in the summer of 1824, he composed his Duetto for cello and double bass for Dragonetti and the cellist David Salomons. Or the player may employ a five-string instrument, with the additional lower string tuned to C, or (more commonly in modern times) B, three octaves and a semitone below middle C. Several major European orchestras use basses with a fifth string.[21]. Beginning around 1890, the early New Orleans jazz ensemble (which played a mixture of marches, ragtime, and Dixieland) was initially a marching band with a tuba or sousaphone (or occasionally bass saxophone) supplying the bass line. The key on the tuning machine of a double bass turns a metal worm, which drives a worm gear that winds the string. 7, for double bass and orchestra, dates from 1992. Later composers who wrote chamber works for this quintet include Ralph Vaughan Williams, Colin Matthews, Jon Deak, Frank Proto, and John Woolrich. Jim Creeggan of Barenaked Ladies primarily plays upright bass, although he has increasingly played bass guitar throughout the band's career. From the 1960s through the end of the century Gary Karr was the leading proponent of the double bass as a solo instrument and was active in commissioning or having hundreds of new works and concerti written especially for him. Fifth tuning provides a bassist with a wider range of pitch than a standard E–A–D–G bass, as it ranges (without an extension) from C1 to A2. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, and the supposition that the double bass is a direct descendant of the viol family is one that has not been entirely resolved. Nice post. While the most common type of extension is the C extension, in rare cases, owners of five-string basses, in which the lowest string is normally a low B0, may use either a two semitone extension, providing a low A, or the very rare low G extension. Does anyone know of any avant garde, post-bop, or free jazz albums featuring (double) bass and drums only? When the clarinetist Ferdinand Troyer commissioned a work from Franz Schubert for similar forces, he added one more violin for his Octet in F major, D.803. These two signals are blended together using a simple mixer before the signal is sent to the bass amp. [citation needed]. The rabeca (or rabeca chuleira) is a type of fiddle from northeastern Brazil and northern Portugal used in Brazilian forró music. To accommodate the additional fifth string, the fingerboard is usually slightly widened, and the top slightly thicker, to handle the increased tension.

The scherzo and trio from Beethoven's Fifth Symphony are famous orchestral excerpts, as is the recitative at the beginning of the fourth movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. In the 1970s, 1980 and 1990s, new concerti included Nino Rota's Divertimento for Double Bass and Orchestra (1973), Alan Ridout's concerto for double bass and strings (1974), Jean Françaix's Concerto (1975), Frank Proto's Concerto No. When held in the traditionally correct manner, the thumb applies the necessary power to generate the desired sound. Two significant recent works written for solo bass include, Mario Davidovsky's Synchronisms No.11 for double bass and electronic sounds and Elliott Carter's Figment III, for solo double bass. The top is connected to the back by means of a sound post, so the back also vibrates. In rare cases, some players have a low B extension, which has B as its lowest note. Prior to the mid-20th century,[citation needed] double bass strings were usually made of catgut but, since that time, steel has largely replaced it, because steel strings hold their pitch better and yield more volume when played with the bow. "Slap style" may have influenced electric bass guitar players[citation needed] who, from the mid-sixties (particularly Larry Graham of Sly and the Family Stone), developed a technique called slap and pop that used the thumb of the plucking hand to hit the string, making a slapping sound but still letting the note ring, and the index or middle finger of the plucking hand to pull the string back so it hits the fretboard, achieving the pop sound described above. As well, the low E-strings used during the 19th century were thick cords made of gut, which were difficult to tune and play. Where a composition calls for a solo bass part, the principal bass invariably plays that part. In 1989, French composer Pascal Dusapin (born 1955) wrote a solo piece called In et Out for double bass. Your audience will be amazed! "In Australia, the John Butler Trio has established itself as one of the most successful independent acts in recent history. More rarely this string may be tuned to a low B0, as a few works in the orchestral repertoire call for such a B, such as Respighi's The Pines of Rome. Drake/Gahnold/Parker - The Last Dances (Ayler, 200... Mat Maneri & Denman Maroney - Distich (Nuscope, 20... Matthew Shipp - Piano Vortex (Thirsty Ear, 2007) ****. Frank Proto has written a Trio for Violin, Viola and Double Bass (1974), 2 Duos for Violin and Double Bass (1967 and 2005), and The Games of October for Oboe/English Horn and Double Bass (1991). The French bow was not widely popular until its adoption by 19th-century virtuoso Giovanni Bottesini. He states that, while the exterior of the double bass may resemble the viola da gamba, the internal construction of the double bass is nearly identical to instruments in the violin family, and very different from the internal structure of viols. The cellist Natalie Haas points out that in the US, you can find "...old photographs, and even old recordings, of American string bands with cello".

[12][13] The terms for the instrument among classical performers are contrabass (which comes from the instrument's Italian name, contrabbasso), string bass (to distinguish it from brass bass instruments in a concert band, such as tubas), or simply bass. An upright bassist auditioning for a blues band might be asked to play in a Swing-style walking bassline, a rockabilly-style "slapping" bassline (in which the strings are percussively struck against the fingerboard) and a 1950s ballad with long held notes. Laminated (plywood) basses, which are widely used in music schools, youth orchestras, and in popular and folk music settings (including rockabilly, psychobilly, blues, etc. The advantage of this "fingered" extension is that the player can adjust the intonation of all of the stopped notes on the extension, and there are no mechanical noises from metal keys and levers. Sergei Prokofiev's Lieutenant Kijé Suite features a difficult and very high double bass solo in the "Romance" movement. The upright bass is difficult to amplify in loud concert venue settings, because it can be prone to feedback howls. The double bass is closest in construction to violins, but has some notable similarities to the violone ("large viol"), the largest and lowest-pitched member of the viol family. This system is particularly useful for basslines that have a repeating pedal point such as a low D because once the note is locked in place with the mechanical finger the lowest string sounds a different note when played open. In Brazil, specifically the northeast region, it is also called rabecão, meaning "big rabeca". 5, 7 and 9; Strauss's Ein Heldenleben and Don Juan; Mozart's Symphonies Nos. He wrote Parable XVII for Double Bass, Op. The player uses the mute when the Italian instruction con sordino ("with mute") appears in the bass part, and removes it in response to the instruction senza sordino ("without mute"). Motown bass player James Jamerson routinely used a double bass for enhancement of the electric bass in post-production ("sweetening") of recorded tracks and vice versa in many instances.

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