[7], Goodyera pubescens is found through much of the eastern part of North America, ranging from Florida all the way north to Ontario, going as far west as Oklahoma.

But it didn’t stop there. The following photograph, taken last week in Nantahala, shows how the plant does form a soft, velvety rug. It is a creeping plant that divides on the ground surface and sends out short stolons. ( Log Out /  Recently I had occasion to hike in Asheville and wrote a blog I called “A little hike in winter amid orchids” featuring three orchids which are evident in winter and grow in Nantahala as well. This is because of the snake-like venation pattern that this genus has on the leaves. [11], Goodyera pubescens grows via a rhizome in a colonial pattern, flowering only once a year at maturity of 4–8 years of age. (Foster & Duke). Smartphone users quickly have information on a plant directly for the pfaf.org website on their phone. Most G. pubescens individuals do not survive long enough to reach the age of maturity. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water. Apparently it was considered a plant good for what ails you. [10] Goodyera pubescens has a germination rate of over 90% even in very cold climates, which is why it is found in very cold climates such as the northern US and Canada. I am very familiar with Concord, Massachusetts, as I have family living very near Walden Pond, and visit there often. Some old withered stems of last year still stand. The hunter often sits on a shady ban and muses on this beautiful leaf, wondering what rare virtues it may possess.

I found this information in Timothy Coffey’s really good book about the history and folklore of North American wildflowers. The plant is produced by seeds, of course, but also by division as it sends runners on the ground  (stolons), which are  much like underground runners (rhizomes) which produce other plants,  as seen in the photograph below: In my hikes in and around the Nantahala area I have come across patches of these plants, but in researching information on Goodyera pubescens, I came across an entry in Henry David Thoreau’s Journal which made me a little envious because although we have small patches of Downy Rattlesnake-plantain, we certainly don’t have enormous ones covering hillsides like a rug . The variegation is in the form of a densely reticulated network of veins that are a much lighter green than the rest of the leaf tissue. [7] Goodyera pubescens also functions as a National Wetland Indicator Species.

The plant is known by a variety of common names and one of them is “Scrofula weed” which breaks my heart. [16] Goodyera pubescens is the accepted name of this species, and the only legitimate name. We lack moist shady slopes on the property where they tend to form colonies, but so far we have not lost any of our transplants. All plant pages have their own unique code. Both G. tesselata and G. oblongifolia are only found in Canada. But,  I am certain that in Thoreau’s time the “rugs” form by the plant were even more impressive. Apparently, according to Foster & Dukes Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants and Herbs (p.28) Physicians once used fresh leaves steeped in milk as a poultice for tuberculous swelling of lymph nodes (scrofula). [2][4], Goodyera pubescens is an evergreen terrestrial herb with variegated leaves. [17], This orchid is of a desirable aesthetic to many gardeners, but keeping it alive in a non-wild setting is challenging. A tea made from the leaves is taken to improve the appetite, as a treatment for colds, kidney ailments, rheumatism and toothaches[222, 257]. Common Name: Downy Rattlesnake Plantain: Family: Orchidaceae: USDA hardiness: 6-10: Known Hazards: None known: Habitats: Almost any wooded habitat with acid soils, mainly on moist humus soils in shady, upland woods of hemlock, pine, oak, or maple, less frequent in lowland woods, bogs, swamps; 0 -1600 metres[270].


(I am thrifty to a fault – or am I just plain cheap? Thomas G. Barnes @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database.

[10] However, the rhizomes G. pubescens can not survive particularly harsh winters in the northern edge of its distribution. [9], Compared to other orchid genera, Goodyera is fairly hardy - surviving more readily in colder conditions, being able to utilize a wider variety of nutrients, and thriving in more types of soil under more broad lighting conditions. [7][8]), Goodyera pubescens thrives in mesic to dry forests. Smartphone users scan the QR Code which automatically takes them to the webpage the QR Code came from. Seed - surface sow, preferably as soon as it is ripe, in the greenhouse and do not allow the compost to dry out.

Goodyera pubescens – Downy Rattlesnake-Plantain, Two small Uvularias – Mountain Bellwort & Wild Oats, Uvularia grandiflora & Uvularia perfoliata – alike, but different, Nantahala’s Uvularias – Four interesting perennials, The signature of All Things – A very good read. Its veiny leaves, a hoary green, completely cover the ground on the damp and shady hillside, like a rug, sprinkled with dry oak leaves, which it has lifted as it grew. For more information about QR Codes click here. To leave a comment please Register or login here All comments need to be approved so will not appear immediately.

Following the Doctrine of Signatures  teas  and  poultices were made for snake bites out of its roots .

We are adding search terms and icons to those plants pages, and providing a range of search options aligned to categories of plants and crop yields, with Help facilities including videos.

* Important announcements and news The inflorescence is really not quite as striking as the seed pod it produces and lingers on for months making a very interesting picture. We are adding search terms and icons to those plants pages, and providing a range of search options aligned to categories of plants and crop yields, with Help facilities including videos. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.Appetizer  Miscellany  Odontalgic  Ophthalmic  PoulticeA tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of pleurisy and snakebites[222].

* Please note: the comments by website users are not necessarily those held by PFAF and may give misleading or inaccurate information. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking. The only places it is of concern are in Florida and New York. It prefers mildly to moderately acidic soils, such as in oak-heath forests. [3] The white flowers are usually atop a leafless stalk.

Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). (USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT, WI, WV; Canada: NB, NS, ON, QC. Robert Brown in W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kewensis 5: 198 (1813). Stay informed about PFAFs progress, challenges and hopes by signing up for our free email ePost. The Project is directed at enabling designers of ‘carbon farms’ and ‘food forests’: agroecosystems of perennial plants, to choose the most appropriate plants for their requirements and site conditions. So unsoiled and undecayed. Requires a somewhat shady site and a well-drained compost of peat, leafmold and sand[1]. In Florida this species is considered endangered.

Inflorescences are in the form of a spike of small flowers, usually white with green or brown markings and have fragrant odor. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. The seed of this species is extremely simple, it has a minute embryo surrounded by a single layer of protective cells. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Why was the plant  further described as “downy” and a “plantain”?

The Dwarf Rattlesnake plantain G. repens has smaller flowers that only have inflorescence on one side of the stalk. [8], The genus Goodyera is also colloquially called the rattlesnake plantain. I can’t say that I am familiar with what a rattlesnake looks like, really. The fungal hyphae invade the seed and enter the cells of the embryo. It is not unusual either to find a rather large patch of these plants growing, like a carpet, on the forest floor, and for a very valid reason. The infrequent sunlight, acidic soil, high fungal activity, and drainage required makes difficult to cultivate in gardens. We are currently updating this section. They have been selected to provide a mix of different plant sizes and growing conditions. However, when this plant was first noticed, America was still a vast wilderness with many snakes and with both Native Americans and Colonists following the Doctrine of Signatures the plant’s marking were associated with rattlesnakes.

So, what about the lovely Downy Rattlesnake Plantain? Bloom Color: White. * Exclusive content not on the website

An ooze from the plant (this probably means the sap or the juice of the bulb[K]) has been used as eye drops to treat sore eyes[257]. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Goodyera pusbescens, rattlesnake-plantain, is apparently a little past its prime.

Plenty of books still available in the “used” section. The mature rosettes flower after being triggered by a dry period in the spring (usually in May) when there is higher than average temperatures. Goodyera pubescens is an evergreen Perennial growing to 0.4 m (1ft 4in) at a medium rate. If you have important information about this plant that may help other users please add a comment or link below. These oval leaves, perfectly smooth like velvet to the touch, about one inch long, have a broad white midrib and four to six longitudinal white veins, very prettily and thickly connected by other conspicuous white veins transversely and irregularly, all on a dark rich green ground. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account.

I enjoy it so much that yesterday I ordered a second one to give to a friend. After flowering the root will have 1-3 offshoots which then generates new rosettes, creating its offspring after the parent plant dies. As for the plant’s Latin, botanical name, the genus Goodyera, to which it belongs, was named after John Goodyer, a botanist and herbalist who lived in Hampshire, England, in the 17th century. These specific circumstances may not occur in a season and can take several years to occur, explaining the long maturity time.

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