maize weevil life cycle

Life Cycle . (2003). Pupation follows, with the adult beetle emerging later. [2] Breeding conditions require temperatures between 15 and 34° C and 40% relative humidity. [1913 Webster] 2. Regardless of food host, female maize weevil was markedly bigger than its male counterpart (Table 2). A single seed of certain plants, as wheat, rye, barley, and maize; a grain. corn; akin to OS. [7], A close relative of the rice weevil,[6] the maize weevil has a length of 2.5 mm to 4 mm. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The prepupa/pupa period of 6.3 to 6.7 days observed across the food hosts used is relatively similar to what was obtained in other curculionids: 10 days for D. valens [28], 8 days for S. linearis [17], and 7.95 days for H. hampei [29]. DNA identification of two laboratory colonies of the weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and S. zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Taiwan. Sun, “Instar numbers, development, flight period, and fecundity of, J. Gómez, B. Y. Chávez, A. Castillo, F. J. Valle, and F. E. Vega, “The coffee berry borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): how many instars are there?”. 2003. An additional aedeagal character for distinguishing Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. A t-test was used to estimate conformity of growth rate of S. zeamais’ larval instar to Dyar’s rule. Knowledge of the life history and biology is important to the development of an integrated pest management program. [2] It is able to fly. Instead of calling Pest Control for weevil problems in your kitchen, put the 'problem' food (such has pasta, flour, cereal) into the freezer for 24 hours. A single female may lay 300 to 400 eggs during her lifetime. Danho, M., Gaspar, C., Haubruge, E. 2002. All data were analyzed using analysis of variance and descriptive statistics. Heavy infestation of adults and larvae of maize weevil which cause postharvest losses have become increasingly important constraints to storage entomology [8] and food security in the tropics. Number of eggs laid varied significantly among the cereal grains; mean fecundity was highest on maize () and lowest on millet (). Journal of Stored Products Research, 39(2): 225–235. July 2018; Food Quality and Safety 2(3) DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyy011. There was significant difference ( < 0.05; F = 0.93) on the developmental period of maize weevil on food hosts, longest being recorded on both rice and sorghum (6.7 days) which was longer than the value obtained from millet and maize (6.5 and 6.3 days), respectively. 2003. New characters to distinguish larvae and adults of the two sibling species: Sitophilus oryzae(L.) and S. zeamais Mots. The relationship between the larval developmental period and mean head capsule width was regular, and perfect geometric larval growth was observed in each instar across the food host when mean head capsule width was plotted against larval instar stage (Table 3 and Figure 1). 1. Maize Weevils are small and easy to kill, but they can complete their life cycle quickly. The plug quickly hardens, and leaves a small raised area on the seed surface. Egg incubation, oviposition periods, and larval instar development were not different significantly among the food hosts. The complete development time for the life cycle of this species averages 36 days. Cf. Pupation follows, with the adult beetle emerging later. A. Omoloye, “Rearing the maize weevil, D. P. Giga, S. Mutemerewa, G. Moyo, and D. Neeley, “Assessment and control of losses caused by insect pests in small farmers' stores in Zimbabwe,”, S. Muzemu, J. Chitamba, and B. Mutetwa, “Evaluation of, E. N. Nukenine, B. Monglo, L. Awason, L. S. T. Ngamo, F. F. N. Tchuenguem, and M. B. Ngassoum, “Farmer's percppection on some aspects of maize production, and infestation levels of stored maize by, R. H. Markham, N. A. Bosque-Perez, C. Borgemeister, and W. Meikle, “Developing pest management strategies for, C. A. Akob and F. K. Ewete, “The efficacy of ashes of four locally used plant materials against, T. W. Phillips and J. E. Throne, “Biorational approaches to managing stored-product insects,”, A. Holzmann, “Latest developments in the registration of SPP chemicals in Germany and Europe. samsorg 17), and millet (local variety), were weighed and placed in Kilner jars with mesh lids. ). [2] Breeding conditions require temperatures between 15 and 34 °C and[vague]40% relative humidity. Incubation, oviposition, longevity periods, and fecundity (±SE) of, Developmental period (days) and body measurements (mm) ± SE of the life stages of, Relationship between head capsule width and larval development of, Frequency distribution of the head capsule width of larval instar of, Department of Crop Production, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria, Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Means followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different (, J. E. Throne, “Life history of immature maize weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on corn stored at constant temperatures and relative humidities in the laboratory,”. As S. zeamais larvae feed on the interior of individual grains, often leaving only the hulls, a flour-like grain dust, mixed with frass is evident. Body measurement is usually assumed to be normally distributed from insect of the same morphogenetic stage [24, 25]; this supports four peaks observed in the study. The maize weevil is slightly larger than the rice weevil and has more distinct colored spots on the forewings. Development is about 35 days under optimal cnmditions. ), This page was last edited on 16 September 2020, at 11:07. The impact of grain quantity on the biology of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): oviposition, distribution of eggs, adult emergence, body weight and sex ratio. The female chews through the surface of the grain, creating a hole. It can be found in numerous tropical areas around the world, and in the United States, and is a major pest of maize. Good flyer; larger than rice weevil. The most obvious sign of infestation is the emergence of adults. [7] This species has also been recorded Canada, in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec,[6] and has been intercepted at ports, but is not well established there. This provides the only visible evidence that the kernel is infested. When the adults emerge, the females move to a high surface and release sex pheromones. Grain jars with adult S. zeamais were kept under ambient temperature of 25–28°C, 60–70% relative humidity, and 12-hour photophase. Maize Illustration depicting both male and female… …   Wikipedia, maize — Corn Corn, n. [AS. Both are internal feeders, which means the larva develops inside whole grain kernels. R. W. Howe, “The biology of the rice weevil. Environmental Entomology, 28(5): 836–844. It has even been known to attack fruit while in storage, such as apples. Corn redirects here. Knowledge of the life history and biology is important to the development of an integrated pest management program. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 55(1): 91-94. Nevertheless, mean growth ratios obtained in this study were similar to what was obtained in other curculionids: 1.4 for Conotrachelus psidii [23]; 1.3 for Dendroctonus valens [28]; and 1.3 for Sitophilus linearis [17].

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