In some species, groups of cohabiting females may be sisters, and if there is a division of labour within the group, they are considered semisocial. Humans have kept honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, for millennia. They also gather larvae, pupae and surrounding cells, known as bee brood, for consumption. "The social parasite bumblebee Bombus hyperboreus Schönherr, 1809 usurp nest of Bombus balteatus Dahlbom, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Norway" (PDF). This unusual situation has been proposed as an explanation of the multiple (at least 9) evolutions of eusociality within Hymenoptera. [46] Some species, such as the European mason bee Hoplitis anthocopoides,[47] and the Dawson's Burrowing bee, Amegilla dawsoni,[48] are gregarious, preferring to make nests near others of the same species, and giving the appearance of being social. [105], Contract pollination has overtaken the role of honey production for beekeepers in many countries. Some species – including honey bees, bumblebees, and stingless bees – live socially in colonies while some species – including ma… Very few species of solitary bee are being cultured for commercial pollination. [22] The small subfamily Mellininae was not included in this analysis. Indigenous people in many countries eat insects, including the larvae and pupae of bees, mostly stingless species. Africanized bees are a hybrid strain of A. mellifera that escaped from experiments involving crossing European and African subspecies; they are extremely defensive. They are presently considered a clade, called Anthophila. The ancestors of bees were wasps in the family Crabronidae, which were predators of other insects. By supporting creators you love on Patreon, you're becoming an active participant in their creative process. [11] [47], The life cycle of a bee, be it a solitary or social species, involves the laying of an egg, the development through several moults of a legless larva, a pupation stage during which the insect undergoes complete metamorphosis, followed by the emergence of a winged adult. [59], The ethologist Karl von Frisch studied navigation in the honey bee. Me Like Bees. [27], According to inclusive fitness theory, organisms can gain fitness not just through increasing their own reproductive output, but also that of close relatives. Melittidae (inc. Dasypodainae, Meganomiinae) at least 50 Mya, Apidae (inc. honeybees, cuckoo bees, carpenter bees) ≈87 Mya, Megachilidae (mason, leafcutter bees) ≈50 Mya, Stenotritidae (large Australian bees) ≈2 Mya, Bees differ from closely related groups such as wasps by having branched or plume-like setae (hairs), combs on the forelimbs for cleaning their antennae, small anatomical differences in limb structure, and the venation of the hind wings; and in females, by having the seventh dorsal abdominal plate divided into two half-plates.

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