Some believe that the earth's inner core formed between 2 and 4 billion years ago. The inner core is solid, whereas the outer core is liquid. Will 5G Impact Our Cell Phone Plans (or Our Health?! Samuel Markings has been writing for scientific publications for more than 10 years, and has published articles in journals such as "Nature." There is residual heat left from the Earth's formation, and heat is generated by gravitational forces from the sun and moon as they tug and pull on the inner core. The inner core also consists of nickel and sulfur and smaller amounts of elements other than iron. The Earth’s rotation causes the core to spin, which leads to the creation of an effect that maintains the Earth’s magnetic field. Experiments reported in July 1997 suggest that the inner core spins at a slightly faster speed than the Earth itself. The metals are compressed tightly together and are forced to vibrate as solid.

It is estimated to be approximately 1,802 miles below the earth's surface (crust).
Although the inner core is made up primarily of nickel and iron, it also includes elements that are capable of dissolving in iron such as cobalt, gold, and platinum. The research conducted at Columbia University suggests that the inner core rotates in the same direction as the rest of the planet. The temperature of the inner core is estimated to be between 3,000 and 5,000 Kelvins (4,940 to 8,540 degrees Fahrenheit). Scientists believe that the Earth's inner core is a solid and is mainly composed of iron. Most of this layer comprises iron, but scientists theorize that it also contains other elements such as sulfur, potassium and carbon. Both the outer and inner cores are made almost entirely of nickel and iron. The inner core of the Earth has a number of surprising properties. Instead it is created by the earth's outer core, made of molten iron and nickel. The solid, inner core of iron has a radius of about 760 miles (about 1,220 km), according to NASA. Earth's innermost section is called its inner core, and is believed to be just as hot as the sun's surface. It makes up 19 percent of the Earth's total volume, which makes it just 30 percent smaller than the moon. The magnetic field is created when the outer core flows around the inner core. This inner core is able to remain solid because the center of the earth exists in extremely high pressures. The nickel and iron are the primary materials, which compose the outer core. Because the Earth's inner core is a solid lump of iron, you may think that it is the source of the Earth's magnetic field. This theory also states that it was entirely molten originally, and was not present when the earth originally formed 4.5 billion years ago. The temperature of the inner core is believed to be approximately 5400 degrees Celsius, or 5700 Kelvin. Festival of Sacrifice: The Past and Present of the Islamic Holiday of Eid al-Adha. Institute of Physics: What Causes the Earth's Magnetic Field. This heat is caused by three elements: residual heat from the formation of the earth, gravitational forces from the moon and the sun, and and radioactive decay of earth's inner elements. Fact Check: What Power Does the President Really Have Over State Governors? ANDRZEJ WOJCICKI/Science Photo Library/Getty Images. In addition to seismic activity, scientists use a variety of other information to learn about the earth's inner core.

Although it is extremely hot, the iron cannot melt due to the high pressure. The Inner core is the last layer in the earth surface and is what gives the earth its magnetic field. It is surrounded by a liquid, outer core composed of a nickel-iron alloy.Nov 14, 2017 The thickness of the liquid layer is around 2,260 km for the outer core.

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