After the Big Bang, 13.7 billion years ago, the entire Universe was a hot dense sphere. ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 It’s the stuff left over from the formation of the Universe, and one of the most elegant pieces of evidence to help explain how we’re here today. https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/, Audio Podcast version: Thermal expansion occurs with the fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms in the star. In extreme cases, the gravity of the star creates heat and pressure, in turn causing a supernova. You might not be surprised to know that stars are made of the same stuff as the rest of the Universe: 73% hydrogen, 25% helium, and the last 2% is all the other elements. If the star is at least five times as massive as the sun, this process repeats for heavier elements, such as carbon, silicon and iron. And for the brief time that the Universe was in this state, nuclear fusion reactions converted hydrogen into helium to the ratios we see today. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G, Weekly email newsletter: Average Star. Instagram – https://instagram.com/universetoday, Team: Fraser Cain – @fcain / [email protected] Is the Coronavirus Crisis Increasing America's Drug Overdoses? Except for a few differences here and there, stars are made of pretty much the same stuff. And just like the stars we have today, they were made up of roughly 73% hydrogen and 25% helium. In fact, astronomers calculate that 5 new stars form in the Milky Way every year. Many stars occur in … https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/biological-universe/4599E17C7FAAECE4A87038C62039C755, Our Book is out! We have recorded several episodes of Astronomy Cast about stars. And More…, Episode 697: Interview: Theoretical Physicist Dr. Peter Woit, Episode 696: Open Space 94: Is It Realistic to Declare a "Free Mars"? But even so, the ratio of elements is still roughly the same. Others have less of these elements; the metal-poor stars. RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio, What Fraser's Watching Playlist: Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Fact Check: What Power Does the President Really Have Over State Governors? https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK–MdCSg, Support us at: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday More mass causes it to collapse. Almost everything about a star is determined by its initial mass, including such characteristics as luminosity, size, evolution, lifespan, and its eventual fate. If the star doesn't have enough internal gravity to counter thermal expansion, the first red giant phase causes it to throw off its diffuse outer layers. And More…, Episode 694: Interview: Fred Watson, Australia's Astronomer at Large, Episode 693: Open Space 92: Why I Hate Embargoed News Stories, and More…, Episode 692: Open Space 91: Any Updates on Venus? This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Of course, the Sun has been converting hydrogen into helium in its core for 4.5 billion years. His newest book is called the Biological Universe, and features the search for life in the Milky Way and Beyond. The Guide to Space is a series of space and astronomy poddcasts by Fraser Cain, publisher of Universe Today, Episode 700: Interview: Wallace Arthur and the Biological Universe. More stories at: https://www.universetoday.com/ The conditions inside this young Universe were so hot that it was equivalent to being inside the core of a star. This is an object so dense that it breaks through the fabric of spacetime and has an escape velocity greater than the speed of light. Most stars have small amounts of heavier elements like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and iron, which were created by stars that existed before them. An average star (intermediate-mass star) is a star with an initial mass of 0.5 to 8 times that of Earth's Sun. Festival of Sacrifice: The Past and Present of the Islamic Holiday of Eid al-Adha. Even though it is constantly exploding in a nuclear reaction, the Sun and other stars are so large and have so much matter in them that it will take billions of years for the explosion to use all … An average star is a star predicted or observed to go through the main sequence life cycle: nebula to main sequence star to red giant to white dwarf to black dwarf. And More…, Episode 698: Open Space 95: Would SpaceX Have Survived without NASA? And More…, Episode 691: Interview: Seth Shostak from the SETI Institute, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Here’s Hubblesite’s News Releases about Stars, and more information from NASA’s imagine the Universe. This is how the first stars were born. https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter, Weekly Space Hangout: Here’s an article about how metallic stars can yield planets, and some identical stars that might not be so identical. Chad Weber – [email protected], Support Universe Today podcasts with Fraser Cain. Iron is the last element to be fused; the fusion reaction for iron takes more energy than it releases. Stars have been forming since the Universe began. The Universe kept expanding and cooling down, and eventually the hydrogen and helium cooled down to the point that it could actually start collecting together with its mutual gravity. An average star is a star predicted or observed to go through the main sequence life cycle: nebula to main sequence star to red giant to white dwarf to black dwarf. That’s it. We have written many articles about stars here on Universe Today. In their life, and in their death, these first stars created some of the heavier elements that we have here on Earth, like oxygen, carbon, gold and uranium. Star, any massive self-luminous celestial body of gas that shines by radiation derived from its internal energy sources. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! The remaining core of the star converts to superdense neutrons that may further collapse into a black hole. Some have more of the heavier elements left over from previous stars; these are metal-rich stars. Here are two that you might find helpful: Episode 12: Where Do Baby Stars Come From, and Episode 13: Where Do Stars Go When they Die? https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/, Astronomy Cast: Karla Thompson – @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Stars with more mass explode into a supernova and collapse into a neutron star or black hole. And just like the stars we have today, they were made up of roughly 73% hydrogen and 25% helium. These first stars were enormous and probably detonated as supernovae within a million years of forming. Want more information on stars? Our own Sun is an example of a metal rich star, with a higher than average amount of heavier elements inside it. Stars are constantly balancing gravity and thermal expansion. It spends most of its time in the main sequence as an orange yellow star. Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Will 5G Impact Our Cell Phone Plans (or Our Health?! Stars shine by burning hydrogen into helium in their cores, and later in their lives create heavier elements. Wallace Arthur is an evolutionary biologist and emeritus professor of Zoology at the National University of Ireland, Galway. In other words, the entire Universe was like a star. [/caption] This is how the first stars were born. Basically, stars are big exploding balls of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium. Join us at patreon.com/universetoday. Stars with more mass explode into a supernova and collapse into a neutron star or black hole. When hydrogen runs out, the star collapses and re-expands into a red giant that burns helium. See no ads on this site, see our videos early, special bonus material, and much more. An average star, or intermediate-mass star, is a star with an initial mass of 0.5 to 8 times that of Earth's sun. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), identical stars that might not be so identical, Episode 12: Where Do Baby Stars Come From, Episode 13: Where Do Stars Go When they Die, https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/, https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2, https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK–MdCSg, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw, Episode 699: Open Space 96: The End of the International Space Station?

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