(p. 87). "Start loving yourself," Maya Angelou said, "before you ask someone else to love you." . MLA Signal (Attribution) Phrases. Signal phrases introduce paraphrases, summaries and direct quotations; here are some examples of verbs you can use in your signal phrases: acknowledges adds admits affirms agrees answers argues asks asserts attacks believes calls claims comments compares concedes confirms contends counters counterattacks declares defines denies disputes echoes Signal phrases usually include the author’s name but can also include the author’s job title or background (“reporter for Washington Post,” “researcher,” “senator,” “scholar,” and so on) and/or the title of the source. Signal Phrases with a Comma: According to George Orwell, " . Does Your Sentence Have a Dangling Modifier? MLA Signal Phrases for Quotes and Paraphrases. Keep things interesting for your readers by switching up the language and placement of your signal phrases. Examples of How to Vary Signal Phrases Maya Angelou said, "Start loving yourself before you ask someone else to love you." This tells the reader that you got the Fouts quote from page 24 of Toner. Choose a verb that is appropriate in the context. © 2007–20 Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Career and Professional Development Center, Center for Multicultural Student Leadership and Engagement, 2020-21 Academic Year Plans and Coronavirus Information. To do this, follow up the quotation with a sentence or two of your own that reinforces or expands upon it. . "Start loving yourself before you ask someone else to love you," Maya Angelou said. “All of his signs were learned from the other chimps” (qtd. (9). . " Here are some example signal phrases: When you use a quotation, help the reader make a smooth transition back into your own words. A strategy for analyzing and revising a first draft. Often, signal phrases can be distinguished by the presence of a verb like "indicate" or "argue" that references what the author is doing in the original source. Similarly, try to avoid too many long quotations. When a writer’s or speaker’s quoted words appears in a source written by someone else, begin the citation with the phrase “qtd. You can cite in 2 ways: With a signal phrase: Stevens claims modern poetry “has to find what will suffice” (132). If you include too many quotations in a research essay, readers may form the impression that you cannot think for yourself. Signal Phrase Examples: APA. Or if you use them, be sure that you spend time discussing them in your own words. Readers should be able to move from your own words to the words you quote without feeling an abrupt shift. MLA/APA/CMS. Use direct quotations only when a source is particularly clear or expressive. As Annie Dillard states, " . “notes”) or present perfect tense (e.g. AUSBWritingCenter5/18/17. . " If you are changing a lower-case letter to a capital letter, indicate the change using [ ]. . Jessica Mitford says, " . APA uses the simple past tense (e.g., “compared”) or present perfect tense (e.g., “has compared”). Hacker, Diana. and Parenthetical Citation Style . Below are some guidelines and tips for using signal phrases. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Signal phrases usually come at the beginning of a sentence before the source material, but they can also occur in the middle of a … “We only used seven signs in his presence,” says Fouts. About Writing: A Guide by Robin Jeffrey is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. All information written on this page has been excerpted from the official handbook of the IUP writing center: Subordinate Clauses! In the words of researchers Serrano and Coronado (2002), “…”. However, a few select signal phrases contain no verbs (e.g., "According to … MLA uses the present tense (e.g. What is MLA, APA, and CMS? In a parenthetical: Modern poetry “has to find what will suffice” (Stevens 132). Signal phrases provide clear signals to prepare the readers for the quotation. Signal phrases provide clear signals to prepare the readers for the quotation. Is Your Sentence a Fragment? These expressions, which usually occur in the parts of sentences that come just before quotes and paraphrases, are called signal phrases (or, in some cases, lead-in phrases). in Toner 24). A Writer’s Reference. (13). As Langston Hughes suggests, " . (46). Grammatical Sentences. Connect your ideas with those of your source’s. . " . " CitingSources:MLA uses an author–location (page #, paragraph #) system of citation. . Subject-Verb Agreement; Should You Use –s (or –es) for a Present-Tense Verb? MLA Signal Phrases; MLA Citation Examples; APA Signal Phrases; APA Citation Examples; CMS Signal Phrases; Basic Grammar.

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