Also, numerous German princes had rejected the election in the first moment. The marriage produced two sons, Henry and Frederick, who both died at a young age. Henry Tudor, 1457–1509, king of England 1485–1509: first king of the house of Tudor. The princes adopted a wait-and-see stance, while Henry's forces were stuck in fights with the Lords of Hohenlohe, Margrave Herman V of Baden, and the City of Worms. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/henry-vii-0.
[2] Almost immediately, King Philip of France began aggressively seeking support for his brother, Charles of Valois, to be elected the next King of the Romans. Prague, Hlavní město Praha, Prague, Czechia, Buonconvento, Siena, Granducato di Toscana, Valenciennes, Hainaut, Belgique (Belgium), Baldwin of Luxembourg, Archbishop-Elector Balduin of de Luxembourg, Erzbischof, The other two children of unknown gender and name, Birth of Jean de Luxembourg, King of Bohemia, Birth of Marie de Luxembourg, reine de France, Holy Roman Emperor, Graf von Luxemburg und Laroche, Markgraf von Arlon. Following their marriage on Aug. 30, 1310, the couple set out for Bohemia, accompanied by a German–Bohemian army, which captured Prague on Dec. 19, 1310, and installed John as king of Bohemia. Although he subdued a number of Tuscan towns, he failed to take Florence, the leading Guelf city in Tuscany. The legacy of Henry was clearest in the successful careers of two among the local despots he made Imperial Vicars in northern cities, Can Grande of Verona and Matteo Visconti of Milan[31].
[27] So began the siege of Florence, Henry possessing some 15,000 infantrymen and 2,000 cavalry, up against a combined Florentine strength of 64,000 defenders. [13] The ceremony was performed by three Ghibelline cardinals who had joined Henry on his way through Italy. King of the Romans: Reign 27 November 1308 – 24 August 1313, Coronation 6 January 1309, Aachen; Predecessor: Albert I Successor: Louis IV. In 1496, England also joined the Holy … Henry became caught up in the internal political machinations of the Holy Roman Empire with the assassination of King Albert I on 1 May 1308. Born on 12 July 1275 in Valenciennes, he was a son of Count Henry VI of Luxembourg and Béatrice from the House of Avesnes.
Pisa was a Ghibelline city, which means that the city supported the Holy Roman Emperor. He was one of the greatest monarchs of medieval Germany,…, Frederick II (Holy Roman emperor and German king) [25] By now his patience was at an end, and he ordered that throughout Italy, all the inhabitants of all rebellious cities were to be captured, stripped and hanged for treason. In the same year, Henry renewed the league between the Hohenstaufen and the French royal Capetian dynasty. [9], Henry felt he needed to obtain a papal imperial coronation, partly because of the lowly origins of his house, and partly because of the concessions he had been forced to make to obtain the German crown in the first place.
Meanwhile, Henry journeyed to Italy, assuming the Lombard crown in Milan in January 1311. The princes, released from Albert’s heavy hand, sought a servant, not a master. He then married John to Elizabeth of Bohemia. During his brief career he reinvigorated… Henry of Cologne’s brother, Baldwin, Archbishop of Trier, won over a number of the electors, including Henry, in exchange for some substantial concessions. Català: Rei des de 1212, Emperador (1220-1250) Deutsch: Heinrich VII. With this, Heinrich came into conflict with the powerful French King Philip IV. Updates? Half brother of Béatrice de Luxembourg, Predecessor: Frederick II Successor: Louis IV, Predecessor: Albert I Successor: Louis IV. He was the seventh Henry to rule Germany, but in order to avoid confusion with the Luxembourg emperor Henry VII, he is usually numbered Henry (VII).[1]. His sons were deprived of the succession jointly with him. [16] This was successful in that Pope Clement V, under increasing pressure from King Philip of France, began to distance himself from Henry and to take up the cause of the Italian Guelphs who had been appealing to the Papacy for support. [25] His body was taken to Pisa. A member of the Salian Dynasty, he was the eldest son of Emperor Conrad II of Germany and Gisela of Swabia. When he was elected Holy Roman emperor in November 1308, Henry, Count of Luxemburg, was the ruler of a modest territory between Germany, France, and Flanders. He was the first emperor of the House of Luxembourg. Henry VII, (born c. 1269/74, Valenciennes, Hainaut—died Aug. 24, 1313, Buonconvento, near Siena, Italy), count of Luxembourg (as Henry IV), German king (from 1308), and Holy Roman emperor (from 1312) who strengthened the position of his family by obtaining the throne of Bohemia for his son. While Frederick sought to be elected German king against his Welf rival Otto IV, he had his new-born son crowned King of Sicily (as Henry II) by Pope Innocent III in March 1212,[3] since an agreement between Frederick and the Pope stated that the kingdoms of Germany and Sicily should not be united under one ruler. As a result, Frederick….
On May 7, Henry’s German troops forced their way across the Ponte Milvio and entered Rome, but found it impossible to throw out the Angevin troops from around St Peters Basilica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-Holy-Roman-emperor, Fact Monster - People - Biography of Henry VII. In 1310 Henry took an oath to the Pope, promising to fulfill his imperial duties properly but also demanding a quick coronation in Rome. [4] The election had been a condition to Frederick II redeeming his Crusade promises of 1215, because the succession question, in case of the emperor's death on the crusade, was clarified by them. Henry seems to have been a lively, cultured ruler and kept many Minnesänger at his court. Siena, Bologna, Lucca, and smaller cities, sent men to help man the walls. He was pious and temperate in his life-style, but he was also an excellent administrator who had succeeded in increasing his power and intelligently using his modest wealth even before his election. □. He was the first emperor of the House of Luxembourg.
He was, nevertheless, crowned emperor on June 29 by cardinals nominated by the Pope for that purpose. Henry (VII) (1211 – 12 February ? He was the first emperor of the House of Luxembourg. [21] He then refused to commit, as Pope Clement V had requested, to seek a truce with Robert of Naples, and he didn’t rule out attacking the southern kingdom. Henry's allies were mostly pardoned. "Henry VII (German: Heinrich; c. 1274 – 24 August 1313) was the King of Germany (or Rex Romanorum) from 1308 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1312. He is not to be confused with the later emperor Henry VII who actually ruled the Empire from 1308 onwards.
Emperor Frederick, once he had entered Germany, soon gained a large following. As soon as he arrived in Milan, the political rivalries which tore the city involved the Emperor, and Henry found himself forced to take sides in political quarrels and successfully led his army against the cities of Cremona and Brescia. Henry's mother remained as regent in Sicily, now on behalf of her husband, until 1220. Long time in his father's shadow and disparaged as "Parentheses Henry", several historians in recent years have adopted a more positive view of his Hohenstaufen policies. Disorders broke out in February 1311 and led to the revolt of Brescia (May 1311), which Henry was not able to subdue until September. His glorious concept of the imperial ideal was not sufficiently realistic to deal with the complex diplomatic forces which opposed the notion of a universal political authority—the power of France, the Avignon papacy, and the rising signorial power of city rulers and city alliances. The empire had steadily lost influence in the previous decades. [21] Here he again began negotiating with Robert of Naples, before deciding to enter into an alliance with Frederick III of Sicily, strengthening his position and hopefully putting pressure on Robert of Naples. Frederick, the only surviving son of Henry (VII), was named in the testament of his grandfather Frederick II, were the Emperor entrusted him with the Duchy of Austria, the Marquisate of Styria and 10,000 uncias. He emphasized the special role of the empire in the sense of the traditional medieval empire idea. On the way, after an unsuccessful attempt to capture the city of Siena, he was stricken ill with fever and died. Frederick II, 1194–1250, Holy Roman emperor (1220–50) and German king (1212–20), king of Sicily (11…, Henry, Carl F(erdinand) H(oward) 1913-2003, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/henry-vii-0, Henry II (Holy Roman emperor and German king), Conrad III (ruler of the Holy Roman Empire). Cities such as Parma, Lodi, Verona and Padua all accepted his rule. He insisted that the towns should come under the immediate control of the Empire, and that their exiles should be recalled. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. The tomb was centered behind the High Altar in the apse. In the meanwhile, the betrothal between Henry and the Bohemian princess was cancelled. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. After the death of Henry VII, two rivals, the Wittelsbach Ludwig of Bavaria and Frederick the Handsome of the House of Habsburg, laid claim to the crown. [14] Nevertheless, he insisted that the current rulers in all of the Italian city-states had usurped their powers. [10], While these negotiations were taking place, Henry began his descent into northern Italy in October 1310, with his eldest son John remaining in Prague as the Imperial vicar. Faced with papal opposition to his continued presence in Italy and furious with the King of Naples for opposing his imperial mission to Rome, Henry called an imperial Diet at Pisa in 1313, assembled another army, and marched again toward Rome, determined to free the city from Neapolitan occupation. Omissions? After Frederick II returned to Italy in 1220, Henry was placed under the tutelage of Archbishop Engelbert I of Cologne,[4] who crowned him German king on 8 May 1222, in Aachen. After Heinrich's death, however, the universal imperial idea gradually became less important again.
Henry was born in Sicily, the only son of King Frederick II and his first wife, Constance of Aragon. ." [10] As he crossed the Alps and travelled into the Lombard plain, nobles and prelates of both Guelph and Ghibelline factions hastened to greet him, and Dante circulated an optimistic open letter addressed to the rulers and the people. After the extinction of the Swabian Zähringen line in 1219 Henry also received their title of a Rector of Burgundy,[4] though that title disappeared when Henry was elected king. Rome was in a state of confusion as Henry approached the city walls. Louis' Italian expedition (1327–29), made in the spirit of righting the wrongs done to Henry, was also abortive.
[5] During his rule of Luxembourg, he ruled effectively, especially in keeping the peace in local feudal disputes.[2]. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list.
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